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goaccess – GoAccess is a real-time web log analyzer and inte

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GoAccess

What is it?

GoAccess is an open source real-time web log analyzer and interactive
viewer that runs in a terminal on *nix systems or through your
browser. It provides fast and valuable HTTP statistics for system
administrators that require a visual server report on the fly.
More info at: https://goaccess.io.


Features

GoAccess parses the specified web log file and outputs the data to the X
terminal. Features include:

  • Completely Real Time
    All panels and metrics are timed to be updated every 200 ms on the terminal
    output and every second on the HTML output.

  • Minimal Configuration needed
    You can just run it against your access log file, pick the log format and let
    GoAccess parse the access log and show you the stats.

  • Track Application Response Time
    Track the time taken to serve the request. Extremely useful if you want to
    track pages that are slowing down your site.

  • Nearly All Web Log Formats
    GoAccess allows any custom log format string. Predefined options include,
    Apache, Nginx, Amazon S3, Elastic Load Balancing, CloudFront, etc.

  • Incremental Log Processing
    Need data persistence? GoAccess has the ability to process logs incrementally
    through the on-disk persistence options.

  • Only one dependency
    GoAccess is written in C. To run it, you only need ncurses as a dependency.
    That’s it. It even features its own Web Socket server — http://gwsocket.io/.

  • Visitors
    Determine the amount of hits, visitors, bandwidth, and metrics for slowest
    running requests by the hour, or date.

  • Metrics per Virtual Host
    Have multiple Virtual Hosts (Server Blocks)? It features a panel that
    displays which virtual host is consuming most of the web server resources.

  • ASN (Autonomous System Number mapping)
    Great for detecting malicious traffic patterns and block them accordingly.

  • Color Scheme Customizable
    Tailor GoAccess to suit your own color taste/schemes. Either through the
    terminal, or by simply applying the stylesheet on the HTML output.

  • Support for Large Datasets
    GoAccess features the ability to parse large logs due to its optimized
    in-memory hash tables. It has very good memory usage and pretty good
    performance. This storage has support for on-disk persistence as well.

  • Docker Support
    Ability to build GoAccess’ Docker image from upstream. You can still fully
    configure it, by using Volume mapping and editing goaccess.conf. See
    Docker section below.

Nearly all web log formats…

GoAccess allows any custom log format string. Predefined options include, but
not limited to:

  • Amazon CloudFront (Download Distribution).
  • Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
  • AWS Elastic Load Balancing
  • Combined Log Format (XLF/ELF) Apache | Nginx
  • Common Log Format (CLF) Apache
  • Google Cloud Storage.
  • Apache virtual hosts
  • Squid Native Format.
  • W3C format (IIS).
  • Caddy’s JSON Structured format.
  • Traefik’s CLF flavor

Why GoAccess?

GoAccess was designed to be a fast, terminal-based log analyzer. Its core idea
is to quickly analyze and view web server statistics in real time without
needing to use your browser (great if you want to do a quick analysis of your
access log via SSH, or if you simply love working in the terminal).

While the terminal output is the default output, it has the capability to
generate a complete, self-contained, real-time HTML
report, as well as a JSON, and
CSV report.

You can see it more of a monitor command tool than anything else.

Installation

Build from release

GoAccess can be compiled and used on *nix systems.

Download, extract and compile GoAccess with:

$ wget https://tar.goaccess.io/goaccess-1.9.3.tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf goaccess-1.9.3.tar.gz
$ cd goaccess-1.9.3/
$ ./configure --enable-utf8 --enable-geoip=mmdb
$ make
# make install

Build from GitHub (Development)

$ git clone https://github.com/allinurl/goaccess.git
$ cd goaccess
$ autoreconf -fiv
$ ./configure --enable-utf8 --enable-geoip=mmdb
$ make
# make install

Build in isolated container

You can also build the binary for Debian based systems in an isolated container environment to prevent cluttering your local system with the development libraries:

$ curl -L "https://github.com/allinurl/goaccess/archive/refs/heads/master.tar.gz" | tar -xz && cd goaccess-master
$ docker build -t goaccess/build.debian-12 -f Dockerfile.debian-12 .
$ docker run -i --rm -v $PWD:/goaccess goaccess/build.debian-12 > goaccess

Distributions

It is easiest to install GoAccess on GNU+Linux using the preferred package manager
of your GNU+Linux distribution. Please note that not all distributions will have
the latest version of GoAccess available.

Debian/Ubuntu

# apt-get install goaccess

Note: It is likely this will install an outdated version of GoAccess. To
make sure that you’re running the latest stable version of GoAccess see
alternative option below.

Official GoAccess Debian & Ubuntu repository

$ wget -O - https://deb.goaccess.io/gnugpg.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/goaccess.gpg >/dev/null
$ echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/goaccess.gpg arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture)] https://deb.goaccess.io/ $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/goaccess.list
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install goaccess

Note:

  • .deb packages in the official repo are available through HTTPS as well. You may need to install apt-transport-https.

Fedora

# yum install goaccess

Arch

# pacman -S goaccess

Gentoo

# emerge net-analyzer/goaccess

OS X / Homebrew

# brew install goaccess

FreeBSD

# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/goaccess/ && make install clean
# pkg install sysutils/goaccess

OpenBSD

# cd /usr/ports/www/goaccess && make install clean
# pkg_add goaccess

openSUSE

# zypper ar -f obs://server:http http
# zypper in goaccess

OpenIndiana

# pkg install goaccess

pkgsrc (NetBSD, Solaris, SmartOS, …)

# pkgin install goaccess

Windows

GoAccess can be used in Windows through Cygwin. See Cygwin’s <a
href=”https://goaccess.io/faq#installation”>packages. Or through the
GNU+Linux Subsystem on Windows 10.

Distribution Packages

GoAccess has minimal requirements, it’s written in C and requires only ncurses.
However, below is a table of some optional dependencies in some distros to
build GoAccess from source.

Distro NCurses GeoIP (opt) GeoIP2 (opt) OpenSSL (opt)
Ubuntu/Debian libncurses-dev libgeoip-dev libmaxminddb-dev libssl-dev
RHEL/CentOS ncurses-devel geoip-devel libmaxminddb-devel openssl-devel
Arch ncurses geoip libmaxminddb openssl
Gentoo sys-libs/ncurses dev-libs/geoip dev-libs/libmaxminddb dev-libs/openssl
Slackware ncurses GeoIP libmaxminddb openssl

Note: You may need to install build tools like gcc, autoconf,
gettext, autopoint etc. for compiling/building software from source. e.g.,
base-devel, build-essential, "Development Tools".

Docker

A Docker image has been updated, capable of directing output from an access log. If you only want to output a report, you can pipe a log from the external environment to a Docker-based process:

touch report.html
cat access.log | docker run --rm -i -v ./report.html:/report.html -e LANG=$LANG allinurl/goaccess -a -o report.html --log-format COMBINED -

OR real-time

tail -F access.log | docker run -p 7890:7890 --rm -i -e LANG=$LANG allinurl/goaccess -a -o report.html --log-format COMBINED --real-time-html -

You can read more about using the docker image in DOCKER.md.

Storage

Default Hash Tables

In-memory storage provides better performance at the cost of limiting the
dataset size to the amount of available physical memory. GoAccess uses
in-memory hash tables. It has very good memory usage and pretty good
performance. This storage has support for on-disk persistence as well.

Command Line / Config Options

See options that can be supplied to the command or
specified in the configuration file. If specified in the configuration file, long
options need to be used without prepending --.

Usage / Examples

Note: Piping data into GoAccess won’t prompt a log/date/time
configuration dialog, you will need to previously define it in your
configuration file or in the command line.

Getting Started

To output to a terminal and generate an interactive report:

# goaccess access.log

To generate an HTML report:

# goaccess access.log -a > report.html

To generate a JSON report file:

# goaccess access.log -a -d -o report.json

To generate a CSV report to stdout:

# goaccess access.log --no-csv-summary -o csv

GoAccess also allows great flexibility for real-time filtering and parsing. For
instance, to quickly diagnose issues by monitoring logs since goaccess was
started:

# tail -f access.log | goaccess -

And even better, to filter while maintaining opened a pipe to preserve
real-time analysis, we can make use of tail -f and a matching pattern tool
such as grep, awk, sed, etc.:

# tail -f access.log | grep -i --line-buffered 'firefox' | goaccess --log-format=COMBINED -

or to parse from the beginning of the file while maintaining the pipe opened
and applying a filter

# tail -f -n +0 access.log | grep -i --line-buffered 'firefox' | goaccess -o report.html --real-time-html -

Multiple Log files

There are several ways to parse multiple logs with GoAccess. The simplest is to
pass multiple log files to the command line:

# goaccess access.log access.log.1

It’s even possible to parse files from a pipe while reading regular files:

# cat access.log.2 | goaccess access.log access.log.1 -

Note: the single dash is appended to the command line to let GoAccess
know that it should read from the pipe.

Now if we want to add more flexibility to GoAccess, we can use zcat --force
to read compressed and uncompressed files. For instance, if we would
like to process all log files access.log*, we can do:

# zcat --force access.log* | goaccess -

Note: On Mac OS X, use gunzip -c instead of zcat.

Multi-thread Support

Use --jobs=<count> (or -j) to enable multi-thread parsing. For example:

# goaccess access.log -o report.html -j 4

And use --chunk-size=<256-32768> to adjust chunk size, the default chunk size is 1024. For example:

# goaccess access.log -o report.html -j 4 --chunk-size=8192

Real-time HTML outputs

GoAccess has the ability the output real-time data in the HTML report. You can
even email the HTML file since it is composed of a single file with no external
file dependencies, how neat is that!

The process of generating a real-time HTML report is very similar to the
process of creating a static report. Only --real-time-html is needed to make
it real-time.

# goaccess access.log -o /usr/share/nginx/html/your_site/report.html --real-time-html

To view the report you can navigate to http://your_site/report.html.

By default, GoAccess will use the host name of the generated report.
Optionally, you can specify the URL to which the client’s browser will connect
to. See FAQ for a more detailed example.

# goaccess access.log -o report.html --real-time-html --ws-url=goaccess.io

By default, GoAccess listens on port 7890, to use a different port other than
7890, you can specify it as (make sure the port is opened):

# goaccess access.log -o report.html --real-time-html --port=9870

And to bind the WebSocket server to a different address other than 0.0.0.0, you
can specify it as:

# goaccess access.log -o report.html --real-time-html --addr=127.0.0.1

Note: To output real time data over a TLS/SSL connection, you need to use
--ssl-cert=<cert.crt> and --ssl-key=<priv.key>.

Filtering

Working with dates

Another useful pipe would be filtering dates out of the web log

The following will get all HTTP requests starting on 05/Dec/2010 until the
end of the file.

# sed -n '/05/Dec/2010/,$ p' access.log | goaccess -a -

or using relative dates such as yesterdays or tomorrows day:

# sed -n '/'$(date '+%d/%b/%Y' -d '1 week ago')'/,$ p' access.log | goaccess -a -

If we want to parse only a certain time-frame from DATE a to DATE b, we can do:

# sed -n '/5/Nov/2010/,/5/Dec/2010/ p' access.log | goaccess -a -

If we want to preserve only certain amount of data and recycle storage, we can
keep only a certain number of days. For instance to keep & show the last 5
days:

# goaccess access.log --keep-last=5

Virtual hosts

Assuming your log contains the virtual host field. For instance:

vhost.io:80 8.8.4.4 - - [02/Mar/2016:08:14:04 -0600] "GET /shop HTTP/1.1" 200 615 "-" "Googlebot-Image/1.0"

And you would like to append the virtual host to the request in order to see
which virtual host the top urls belong to:

awk '$8=$1$8' access.log | goaccess -a -

To do the same, but also use real-time filtering and parsing:

tail -f  access.log | unbuffer -p awk '$8=$1$8' | goaccess -a -

To exclude a list of virtual hosts you can do the following:

# grep -v "`cat exclude_vhost_list_file`" vhost_access.log | goaccess -

Files, status codes and bots

To parse specific pages, e.g., page views, html, htm, php, etc. within a
request:

# awk '$7~/.html|.htm|.php/' access.log | goaccess -

Note, $7 is the request field for the common and combined log format,
(without Virtual Host), if your log includes Virtual Host, then you probably
want to use $8 instead. It’s best to check which field you are shooting for,
e.g.:

# tail -10 access.log | awk '{print $8}'

Or to parse a specific status code, e.g., 500 (Internal Server Error):

# awk '$9~/500/' access.log | goaccess -

Or multiple status codes, e.g., all 3xx and 5xx:

# tail -f -n +0 access.log | awk '$9~/3[0-9]{2}|5[0-9]{2}/' | goaccess -o out.html -

And to get an estimated overview of how many bots (crawlers) are hitting your server:

# tail -F -n +0 access.log | grep -i --line-buffered 'bot' | goaccess -

Tips

Also, it is worth pointing out that if we want to run GoAccess at lower
priority, we can run it as:

# nice -n 19 goaccess -f access.log -a

and if you don’t want to install it on your server, you can still run it from
your local machine!

# ssh -n root@server 'tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log' | goaccess -

Note: SSH requires -n so GoAccess can read from stdin. Also, make sure to
use SSH keys for authentication as it won’t work if a passphrase is required.

Troubleshooting

We receive many questions and issues that have been answered previously.

Incremental log processing

GoAccess has the ability to process logs incrementally through its internal
storage and dump its data to disk. It works in the following way:

  1. A dataset must be persisted first with --persist, then the same dataset
    can be loaded with.
  2. --restore. If new data is passed (piped or through a log file), it will
    append it to the original dataset.
NOTES

GoAccess keeps track of inodes of all the files processed (assuming files will
stay on the same partition), in addition, it extracts a snippet of data from
the log along with the last line parsed of each file and the timestamp of the
last line parsed. e.g., inode:29627417|line:20012|ts:20171231235059

First, it compares if the snippet matches the log being parsed, if it does, it
assumes the log hasn’t changed drastically, e.g., hasn’t been truncated. If
the inode does not match the current file, it parses all lines. If the current
file matches the inode, it then reads the remaining lines and updates the count
of lines parsed and the timestamp. As an extra precaution, it won’t parse log
lines with a timestamp ≤ than the one stored.

Piped data works based off the timestamp of the last line read. For instance,
it will parse and discard all incoming entries until it finds a timestamp >=
than the one stored.

Examples
// last month access log
# goaccess access.log.1 --persist

then, load it with

// append this month access log, and preserve new data
# goaccess access.log --restore --persist

To read persisted data only (without parsing new data)

# goaccess --restore

Contributing

Any help on GoAccess is welcome. The most helpful way is to try it out and give
feedback. Feel free to use the GitHub issue tracker and pull requests to
discuss and submit code changes.

You can contribute to our translations by editing the .po files direct on GitHub or using the visual interface inlang.com

Enjoy!

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